Scientific Method and Naturalistic Observation Essay Sample free essay sample

Examination. efficient enquiry focused on the find of new perception. is a cardinal element of the logical technique in mental science. It gives the way to understanding the evaluation to which speculations ( and the hypotheses behind them ) are precise. Simply as we can utilize various speculations and theories to elucidate similar wonders. we can use a figure of interchange techniques to continue research. In this working out. you will larn progressively around a few techniques for research that analysts use to determine new perception about human conduct and moral concerns therapists face when convey oning research. 1. You are convey oning research on sex contrasts in messages. Your theory is that work powers utilize increasingly decisive explanations and grown-up females utilize more requests. Answer every one of the undermentioned requests. * What may be the upsides of using the recorded technique? * What may be the impediments of using the recorded technique? 2. Presently envision that you are convey oning research on the length of clasp it takes customers to pick focuses in a food showcase shop. We will compose a custom exposition test on Logical Method and Naturalistic Observation Essay Sample or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Accept that your speculation is that individuals will leave more clasp make behind ones disapproving on more costly focuses than on less expensive focuses. * What may be the upsides of using sensible perception? * What may be the hindrances of using sensible perception? 3. You have chosen to carry on an examination on whether a given political campaigner will be well known with Latino voters. * What is a preferred position of the examination technique? * What is an impediment of the examination technique? 4. You have chosen to use the case overview technique to investigate a mother’s involvement with bringing up a child with chemical imbalance. * What is a bit of leeway of the occurrence review technique? * What is a hindrance of the occurrence review technique? 5. When convey oning research what are a portion of the moral worries that must be tended to?

Origins of The Beauty Myth :: Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth

Naomi Wolf's The Beauty Myth, examines the effect of our male-ruled society upon ladies. Wolf contends that ladies' most critical issues related with cultural weights are a genuinely ongoing development, going back to the 1970s (6). She clarifies that ladies have penetrated the force structure by securing rights equivalent to men in zones, for example, training, proficient professions, and casting a ballot. Thus, Wolf recommends that the magnificence fantasy is the last one surviving from the old female belief systems that despite everything has the ability to control those ladies (3). Taking into account that the magnificence fantasy is ladies' last fight, the battle is progressively increasingly troublesome. Wolf asserts that ladies are presently encountering a fierce reaction against women's liberation, noticing the ongoing ascent in dietary issues, restorative medical procedure, and typification of ladies' bodies (3,2). While Wolf precisely characterizes the excellence fantasy, s he mistakenly expresses that dietary problems, corrective medical procedure, and erotic entertainment are late issues, coming about because of a purposeful reaction against ladies' privileges. Wolf uses the expression the excellence legend to show that the understanding of magnificence is a making of society, planned to keep ladies caught inside their bodies. Wolf guarantees that the excellence legend isn't about ladies by any stretch of the imagination. She clarifies, it is about men's foundations and institutional force (5). Likewise, she asserts that ladies have as of late acquired various rights, which currently undermine to destabilize the organizations on which a male-ruled culture has depended. She keeps on clarifying that an aggregate frenzy response [†¦] has constrained an interest for counter pictures (8). Obviously, society all in all creates pressure on ladies to act in a specific way. In any case, Wolf's suggestion that it is a deliberate, sorted out exertion to keep ladies mistreated is uneven and extraordinary. While Wolf neglects to indisputably demonstrate that the excellence fantasy is a sorted out collective endeavor, she is unquestionably right in her clarification of the side effects related with the magnificence legend: There is a mystery underlife harming our opportunity; imbued with thoughts of excellence, it is a dull vein of self-loathing, physical fixations, fear of maturing, and fear of lost control. (3) As indicated by Laura Shapiro, a prominent analyst on dietary issues, the ailment of anorexia comprises of a few components. By definition, anorexia nervosa is a condition portrayed by exceptional dread of putting on weight or getting corpulent, just as a contorted self-perception, and a sentiment of loss of control (Shapiro 69). Starting points of The Beauty Myth :: Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth Naomi Wolf's The Beauty Myth, talks about the effect of our male-commanded society upon ladies. Wolf contends that ladies' most huge issues related with cultural weights are a genuinely ongoing innovation, going back to the 1970s (6). She clarifies that ladies have penetrated the force structure by procuring rights equivalent to men in territories, for example, training, proficient vocations, and casting a ballot. Thus, Wolf recommends that the excellence legend is the last one surviving from the old female philosophies that despite everything has the ability to control those ladies (3). Taking into account that the excellence fantasy is ladies' last fight, the battle is progressively increasingly troublesome. Wolf asserts that ladies are at present encountering a vicious reaction against women's liberation, taking note of the ongoing ascent in dietary problems, restorative medical procedure, and externalization of ladies' bodies (3,2). While Wolf precisely characterizes the magnific ence fantasy, she mistakenly expresses that dietary issues, corrective medical procedure, and erotic entertainment are ongoing issues, coming about because of a purposeful reaction against ladies' privileges. Wolf uses the expression the magnificence legend to show that the translation of excellence is a formation of society, planned to keep ladies caught inside their bodies. Wolf asserts that the excellence legend isn't about ladies by any stretch of the imagination. She clarifies, it is about men's organizations and institutional force (5). Moreover, she asserts that ladies have as of late got various rights, which currently compromise to destabilize the foundations on which a male-commanded culture has depended. She keeps on clarifying that an aggregate frenzy response [†¦] has constrained an interest for counter pictures (8). Plainly, society in general creates pressure on ladies to act in a specific way. Be that as it may, Wolf's suggestion that it is a deliberate, composed exertion to keep ladies abused is uneven and extraordinary. While Wolf neglects to definitively demonstrate that the excellence legend is a composed collective endeavor, she is surely right in her clarification of the side effects related with the magnificence fantasy: There is a mystery underlife harming our opportunity; implanted with thoughts of excellence, it is a dull vein of self-loathing, physical fixations, fear of maturing, and fear of lost control. (3) As indicated by Laura Shapiro, a remarkable analyst on dietary problems, the ailment of anorexia comprises of a few components. By definition, anorexia nervosa is a condition portrayed by extreme dread of putting on weight or getting stout, just as a twisted self-perception, and a sentiment of loss of control (Shapiro 69).

The Glass Ceiling - Does It Still Exist? Essay -- Equality Work Minori

The Glass Ceiling - Does It Still Exist? There are numerous inquiries that strike a chord when taking a gander at the structure of any associations. Inside the social association, representatives face numerous difficulties, for example, lewd behavior, savagery, assault, misery, and segregation. These issues in their individual associations are an obstruction to their prosperity and can cause their own and profession improvement to endure. Yet, the key factor that will be engaged with respect to segregation is ladies' battles progressing in their professions frequently called the unattainable rank impact. In this examination, the expression unreasonable impediment will be characterized, answer the inquiry Who is influenced by such obstruction and why, what acts helped make ready, and decide any proposals to take care of the issue. Biased based impediment is characterized as the undetectable obstruction that shields ladies from progressing to significant level positions. In the Microsoft Encarta World Encyclopedia, the term discriminatory limitation is a hindrance to professional success: an informal yet genuine obstruction to someone's progression into upper-level administration positions due to spread dependent on the individual's sex, age, race, ethnicity, or sexual inclination. at the end of the day, Biased based impediment is a negative boundary of perspectives and partialities forestalling ladies and minorities to climb in their company pecking order. It holds numerous to remain at their lower level positions and not allowed to show their capacities and develop themselves. Another definition given to this undetectable hindrance is it depicts cases in which ladies start their professions on an equivalent balance with men, and either lose ground steadily after some time, or keep on advancing comparable to t heir male partner until, sooner or later, their advancement is coalition... ...uarterly. Vol. 46 (December 1997): 148-154 Gerber, Robin D. Tech Rage Pierces the Glass Ceiling. Online Available: http://www.academy.umd.edu/AboutUs/news/articles/4-24-00.htm Tough, Lawrence. Why Teachers Leave. The American School Board Journal. Vol. 186 (June 1999): 12-17 Hernandez, Thomas J. also, Morales, Nestor E. Vocation, Culture, and Compromise: Career Development Experiences of Latinas Working in Higher Education. The Career Development Quarterly. Vol. 48 (September 1999): 45-58 Morgan, Laurie A. Unattainable rank Effect or Cohort Effect? A longitudinal Study of the Gender Earnings Gap for Engineers, 1982 to 1989. American Sociological Review. Vol 63 (August 1998): 479-493 Nelson, Anne V. It's Lonely at the Top. Women.com Buzz: Equal Pay in the Fortune 500? Not yet. On the web. Accessible. http://www.women.com/news/buzz/d1112wagegap.html

Effect On Election Outcome - 8250 Words

Does The Social Media Have An Effect On Election Outcome? A Case Study of Obama's Election In 2008 (Dissertation Sample) Content: Insert Your Surname Here- Does The Social Media Have An Effect On Election Outcome? A Case Study of Obamas Election In 2008 Your NameSupervisor: Name of the University2012 Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc335379774"
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Chapter 1: Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc335379775 \h
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Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc335379776 \h
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Problem Statement  PAGEREF _Toc335379778 \h
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Specific Objectives  PAGEREF _Toc335379780 \h
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Aim of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc335379783 \h
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Scope and Delimitations of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc335379784 \h
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Chapter 2: Literature Review  PAGEREF _Toc335379786 \h
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Media and agenda setting theory  PAGEREF _Toc335379787 \h
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Other determiners of an election outcome  PAGEREF _Toc335379788 \h
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Social Media and Obamas Presidential Election Campaign in 2008  PAGEREF _Toc335379789 \h
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The Research Gap  PAGEREF _Toc335379790 \h
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Chapter 3: Methodology  PAGEREF _Toc335379791 \h
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Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc335379792 \h
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R esearch Philosophy  PAGEREF _Toc335379793 \h
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Research Approach  PAGEREF _Toc335379794 \h
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Research Design and Choice  PAGEREF _Toc335379795 \h
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Research Strategy  PAGEREF _Toc335379796 \h
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Secondary Sources: Content Analysis  PAGEREF _Toc335379798 \h
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Primary Sources: Qualitative Interviews  PAGEREF _Toc335379799 \h
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Interview design  PAGEREF _Toc335379800 \h
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Sampling Strategy  PAGEREF _Toc335379801 \h
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Study Limitations  PAGEREF _Toc335379802 \h
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30 Chapter 1: IntroductionIntroductionThe use of media for political purposes has been a common occurrence in almost all the countries across the world. The countries in which media has widely been used by politicians includes the United Kingdom (U.K), Canada, Germany and the United States (U.S) among others. The 44th president of the United States, Barrack Obama, for instance incorporated media, especially the modern social media as a strategy to communicate his political principles and that aided to politically sway many Americans towards his way. Media therefore has a greater effect in determining the voter preference and choice and thus the election outcomes. Various studies have covered media as a tool that has so far been employed by famous politicians to enhance their political campaign strategies. However, not much has been given on th e effects that the media has on the end result of the politics, that it; the eventual election outcomes. The study therefore seeks to carefully examine the effects of the media on the outcomes of the elections, a case study of 2008s Obamas presidential election. The study will undertake this examination reviewing the previous works on the utilization of media for political gains.Background InformationMedia has so much been used in the political arena. Media itself refers to the channels of communication through which entertainment, news, education, promotional messages and data are disseminated (Mangum, 2011). The term media comprises of both narrowcasting and broadcasting communication forms like magazines, newspapers, billboards, Radio, TV, telephone, direct mail, fax, and the internet. However, with the current world, internet has a major center of attention and the 2008 election campaigns, Obama focused greatly on the internet specifically, the social media (social sites) which on the other hand refers to the electronic communication forms such as websites for micro blogging and social networking that enable users to create virtual online communities for the purpose of sharing ideas, information, personal messages as well as other contents such as videos(Marlin-Bennett Thornton,2012). In social media, the users post their ideas, photos, videos, and then get various different reactions from others and they can even share web pages. This is very vital in gauging the peoples attitude and views about a given opinion or fact.Basically, there exist about six basic social media forms from which users choose what fits there needs although in most cases the term social media is used to refer to social networks (Ricci, 1998). The social networks are the sites that guarantee the creation of online community for sharing of interests and opinion. The best examples are Facebook and Myspace. The second category of social media is the blogging (and the Microblogging) wh ich are the websites in journal style and the information in them are frequently updated (microblogging means the publishing of the brief messages in text form) (Schmitt-Beck Mackenrodt, 2010).The major examples are WordPress and Twitter. Social Bookmarking are the social media form which allow the saving and sharing of the web pages by the users such as Del.icio.us and Digg. On the other hand, Media Sharing refers to the social media forms that give room for sharing of videos and photos like YouTube and Flickr. The fifth category is the Social Reviews which are the forms that are majorly used by Hotels to enable the travelers to review facts about the hotel of their choice. They are useful for the potential guests to effectively plan their travel. Social reviews include Yelp and TripAdvisor, and lastly is the User Generated Content (UGC) which is essentially the travel guides drafted by the users. They comprise of WikiTravel and World66.The list of the social media continue to gro w longer and longer each day, but their crucial characteristic is continuously their ability to facilitate the sharing and discussion of information within the network (Hansen, Shneiderman, Smith, 2011).Barack Obamas campaign for the 2008 US election that saw him through as the 44th president of the Untied States of America Illustrated the meaningful, massive impact that the social media has on getting the young people involved and engaged(David,2003). The Mybarackobama.com site was not just a mere website; it was a strategic online movement that was purposefully started to make the politics easily accessible through the internet (social media) which was already gaining among various people, more so the youth, which were the major target of this strategy. It completely changed the face of the political campaigns, and most importantly, it made the involvement into the politics (campaigns) as easier as just sitting on a computer, opening a web browser create and then creating an indi vidual online profile after which, contributions and any form of involvement will just be a button away. Above all, Obamas campaign made a great history: It portrayed the power of the social media in changing the global politics.This mission of the Obamas was considered the most effective in history, it was the very first of the political campaigns to truly utilize the power of the social media in spreading the word, effectively engage people and garner support(Shin Lee,2012). His campaigns swayed up to 5 million supporters online on about 15 different social sites (networks) during the campaign season; by around November of 2008, Obama had gained roughly 2.5 million followers (supporters) on Facebook, 115,000 Twitter supporters and the his YouTube channel viewers had shot up to 50 million and according to Michael Malbin who was by then the executive director of the Campaign Finance Institute (Busch,2006),no other political candidate in the history of the United States had ever ma naged the full picture integration to the extent that Obama did, that is what was really different about his approach to campaign. The campaign was not just by creating the Facebook fan page or the account on YouTube and then sit back to watch things flow: the campaign team created involvement energy of participation and some sense of principle or purpose for the supporters and each was funneled using the technologies of the social networking. The media was not used as a message to pass the information but as a vehicle. It offered the real time connection between the real people and the real enthusiasm and presented them (the supporters) an accessible and easier way to fully show their true support the change that was greatly needed in the United Stat...

Essay on Gender Roles in Society - 1178 Words

Gender Roles in Society Gender role is a commonly discussed subject in society. Gender role simply defined is a persons inner sense of how a male or female should feel and behave. Society and culture are also very important in relation to this subject. This means different societies and cultures may produce children and later, grown men and women, who have quite different views of a man or a womans place in the world around them, often determined by their cultures gender stereotypes. These topics will be explained and compared to each other later on. How to implement a gender free childcare environment will also be discussed. Children begin to learn their gender roles at a very young age. Boys must learn what boys and men†¦show more content†¦However, our children and we still mainly see very traditional gender roles portrayed in the entertainment media that influence us so much. For example, the plot in very few television shows or movies would have the woman go out to fight the bad guys while the man stayed home to make sure the kids went to bed on time. Now lets compare some differences between gender roles in traditional Chinese and Canadian culture. During the important early developmental years, when children are learning their gender roles and how to be, think and act as a girl or a boy, a young Chinese girl will be taught, often cruelly, that her value to the family is less than a males. She will do chores around the house, while her brother may not help at all, and she will see this sexual division of labor carried out by her parents and other siblings. Her father will often devote much greater attention to her brother, talking to him from a very young age about such male subjects as business and going out in the world. He will be encouraged to be active and outgoing, while she will be required to remain submissive and obedient. The boy will often have many more toys than she does - his trucks and plastic guns outnumbering her dolls. From early on, she will understand that any resources for education or career will be almost all reserved for the male children. Her gender role is notShow MoreRelatedGender Roles in Society10 47 Words   |  4 PagesBroadly conceptualized, gender roles are what our society expects and values in their community. They shape our behavior and values, thoughts and feelings, even going so far as to denote a person’s worth. Gender roles are present in everyday situations. In the past they strictly dictated the behavior of people in the community (the right to vote, occupations women were allowed to work in), though in the recent past have become more subtle and more successfully challenged. In some instances they areRead MoreGender Roles and Society 1021 Words   |  5 PagesChanging Gender Roles in Our Society: Women’s Education and Employment Education and employment go hand in hand now a day in order to become financially successful in life. These are two unmistakably major parts of society today. In order to become successful a good job is needed, and in order to get the job a good education is needed as well. But women especially need to emphasize more in these two subjects than men; due to past gender discrimination which brought on Equal Employment OpportunityRead MoreGender Roles And The Society1924 Words   |  8 PagesGender Roles and Inequity are important because we live in a society that is very judgmental. Many women have struggled with the chance to have equal opportunities as men before I was even thought about coming into this world. Many families remain together because of the work the woman puts in. However the woman never gets the acknowledgement they deserve for their commitment. The effort and devotion of the woman has always been unshakable in all cultures. However, the honor and accountabil ity womenRead MoreGender Roles And The Society1924 Words   |  8 PagesGender Roles and Inequity are important because we live in a society that is very judgmental. Many women have struggled with the chance to have equal opportunities as men before I was even thought about coming into this world. Many families remain together because of the work the woman puts in. However the woman never gets the acknowledgement they deserve for their commitment. The effort and devotion of the woman has always been unshakable in all cultures. However, the honor and accountability womenRead MoreThe Evolution of Gender Roles and its Role in Society1505 Words   |  7 Pagesof gender roles in society, stereotypes generally come to mind. Throughout history these stereotypes have only proven to be true. Major historical events have had a huge impact on the way men and women are seen and treated. In this way, women have always been secondary to males and seen as the fragile counterparts whose job is t o take care of the household and most importantly, be loyal to her husband no matter the circumstance. Gender roles throughout history have greatly influenced society. TheRead MoreGender Roles In Modern Society728 Words   |  3 PagesGender is an integral part of social practices of human interaction. It influences on all aspects of a persons life such as self-assertion and self-development, family, work, school, etc. Through the gender lens a person perceives any kind of information and passes it to the surrounding world by using a gender display. The process of gender socialization and the content of gender stereotypes has great importance not only for the life of an individual, but also for the progressive development ofRead MoreGender Roles Of Society And The Bible Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesGender Roles in Society and the Bible Upon losing the election to become the 45th president of the United States, Hillary Clinton gave a concession speech and told â€Å"all the little girls who are watching this...never doubt that you are valuable and powerful and deserving of every chance and opportunity in the world to pursue and to achieve your own dreams† (Clinton). While Candidate Hillary Clinton said these girls are â€Å"deserving of every chance,† our society may prove otherwise. Although women todayRead MoreGender Roles And Its Effects On Society1405 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles In Todays Society Are Due To Nurture Society today places many ideals when it comes to proper behaviours regarding gender roles. These are considered societal norms that are widely debated and controversial. Society has created a norm, which encompasses specific expectations and rules that change the daily lives of men and women, giving them specific tasks and behaviours to abide by. These standards are known as gender roles, which are defined as distinguishing actions, thoughts, andRead MoreGender Roles And Its Effect On Society1278 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the moment we are born we are put into one of two categories, boy or girl. We are never asked or considered to be anything but. No in between, no blurred lines. And because of the society we created, we attach extensive stereotypes to each of those genders. This is simply known as gender roles, or more specifically; â€Å"a set of societal norms dictating what types of behaviors are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on their actual or perceived sex†. ThisRead MoreGender Roles, Masculinity, And Society999 Words   |  4 Pages It is accepted in society today that, for domestic disturbances, women are abused by their husbands and boyfriends, not the other way around. The reason for this is that men are conditioned ever since they were even babies to fit into this masculine gender role that hurts them and those who surrounding them. Many who are conditioned since birth to be masculine which can have a massive impact on them later in life to make them emotionally stunted. Media also displays the model that men cannot be

Hawthorne’s Use of Allegory - 1545 Words

The Ministers Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a short story that was first published in the 1836 edition of the Token and Atlantic Souvenir and reappeared over time in Twice-Told Tales, a collection of short stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The short story narrates the events that follow Reverend Mr. Hoopers decision to start wearing a black veil that obscures his full face, except for his mouth and chin. Mr. Hooper simply arrives one day at the meeting house wearing the semi-transparent black veil and refuses from that moment on to take it off, which leads to the loss of his fiancà ©e and isolation from the world. Mr. Hooper even goes as far as to insist on burial in the black veil. Yet, what is crucial to note are Mr. Hoopers last†¦show more content†¦This particular idea serves to underscore even further the hypocrisy of human nature and emphasize the ironic aspects of the short story. The themes of the story serve to explicate the universal nature of all human beings. These themes include, for example, shame, guilt, the nature of sinning and morality. With regard to shame, whilst it is true that the veil covers Mr. Hoopers face, it does at the same time expose the nature of sin as one embedded deep inside humans. In other words, the veil exposes the sin existent in the world which makes the townspeople grow more and more uncomfortable. These feelings of discomfort are thus the result of being faced with the shame within. The more one has learned to ignore the sense of shame at the sins committed, and the darkness surrounded by, the more he or she is incapable of facing Mr. Hooper. This leads the discussion to the second theme in the short story: guilts hidden nature. Indeed, most townspeople are faced with guilt suppressed upon looking at Mr. Hooper as they have never had to face a physical form of their guilt. However, Mr. Hoopers didactic usage of the veil serve s as a constant reminder of that which is rather forgotten: sins committed. Using this as a reason, many of the townspeople chose to ignore Mr. Hooper instead of facing their own veils. However, the Reverend convinces the townspeople that everyone shares sins no matter what attempt is made toShow MoreRelatedHawthorne’s Use of Allegory1212 Words   |  5 PagesHawthorne’s Use of Allegory The Ministers Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a short story that was first published in the 1836 edition of the Token and Atlantic Souvenir and reappeared over time in Twice-Told Tales, a collection of short stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The short story narrates the events following Reverend Mr. Hoopers decision to begin wearing a black veil that obscures his full face, except for his mouth and chin. Mr. Hooper simply arrives one day at the meeting house wearingRead MoreShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne851 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne Introduction Hawthornes short story Young Goodman Brown is a tale of innocence lost. Set in New England during the Puritan era, the protagonist, Goodman Brown, goes for a walk in the woods one night and meets the devil who tells him. Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness. Welcome again, to the communion of your race. According to Levin this story is a condemnation of the hypocrisy of the puritan ethic. The Salem witch trialsRead MoreAnalysis Of Young Goodman Brown1179 Words   |  5 Pageswhat seems like the intentions of gothic and romance features. However, looking further into the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† it is clear to see that there is a possibility that the imagery displayed can lead to some interesting theories behind Hawthornes purpose, imagery, and symbolism in the text. Throughout the story, Hawthorne includes psychological, emotional, and gloomy events that really gets the reader thinking about their own personal experiences. However, findi ng the true meaning of thisRead More Rappaccinis Daughter Essay: Allegory of the Garden of Eden1629 Words   |  7 Pageswoman. However, when the story is examined on a symbolic level, the reader sees that Rappaccinis Daughter is an allegorical reenactment of the original fall from innocence and purity in the Garden of Eden. Rappaccinis garden sets the stage of this allegory, while the characters of the story each represent the important figures from the Genesis account. Through the literary devices of poetic and descriptive diction, Nathaniel Hawthorne conveys the symbolism of these characters, as well as the settingRead MoreThe Writings Of Nathaniel Hawthorne And Flannery O Connor1022 Words   |  5 PagesHawthorne and Flannery O’Connor, writings often include many allegories and symbols to religious faiths. Nathaniel Hawthorne comes from a bloodline that is associated with the Salem witch trials in 1692. His great-great-grandfather was a puritan that took part in the executions during the witch trilas, explaining Hawthorne’s fondness with the religion. Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his interest in the News England Puritan past. Most of Hawthorne’s writings implement the Puritan ways and faith in whichRead MoreAllegory and Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†1203 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an excellent example of the use of allegories and symbolism as a form of satire on Puritan faith. According to Frank Preston Stearns, author of The Life and Genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Hawthorne may have intended this story as an exposure of the inconsistency, and consequent hypocrisy, of Puritanism† (Stearns 181). Throughout the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,â₠¬  Hawthorne tries to infuse as many symbols and allegories as he can to enhance the overallRead MoreNathaniel Hawthornes Literature During Early America1560 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes literature exhibits the influence of many factors. Much of his literature addresses Puritan culture in early America, commonly focusing on the shortcomings and hypocrisies that became apparent during the numerous witch hunts. Many of his works are allegorical, using the Puritan setting to portray his own ideas about ancestry, history, and religion. While The Scarlet Letter and House of the Seven Gables are among Hawthornes most known works, he produced a large sum of workRead MoreTheme Of Allegory In The Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne704 Words   |  3 Pageswife, Sophia Peabody who was a poet as well. In his writing, one of his strongest traits was his use of allegory. Hawthorne often uses allegory in his short stories to add a different perspective onto his many works. In his short story, â€Å"The Birthmark,† Hawthorne utilizes foreshadowing and symbolism to portray the allegorical lesson that striving for perfection results in troubling outcomes. Hawthorne uses the device of foreshadowing to show how aiming for perfection results in an outcome that one doesRead MoreEssay about The Birthmark1138 Words   |  5 Pageshistory (Encarta). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"The Birthmark,† like many of Hawthorne’s stories deals with the relationship between men and women. It is a love story where the quest for perfection leads to a tragic end. The protagonist, a scientist named Aylmer, attempts to attain perfection for his new wife Georgiana, by removing a birthmark resembling a small hand from her left cheek. Written in 1843, it was Hawthorne’s first work of fiction right after he married his wife, Sophia (Encarta)Read MoreAllegory in Young Goodman Brown Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes short story Young Goodman Brown is an excellent example of an allegory. Allegories use events, characters or symbolism as a bizarre or abstract representation of ideas in the story, and throughout Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne uses a heavy amount of symbolism, as well as his characters and the events of the story line to develop a religious allegory. A large symbolic role is played by protagonist Goodman Browns wife, Faith. Also, the main event in the short story, Browns

Government Regulation And Business Relations - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Government Regulation And Business Relations. Answer: Era of Liberal economics is over: Keating seeks nation-building This article has been published on May 6th, 2017 and author were Troy Bramston. There has been a new model generated by Paul Keating for the renovation of the liberal economics. This is done so that the government is led in the new age of investment in the nation-building infrastructure. The liberal economics has caused a dead end. Thus it is a time that there is a return to the investment by the government. There has to be the maintenance of the demand equation between the government and the private. The government that is clever is capable of selling the assets to the private market. Infrastructure in demand equation for both government and private are missing nowadays. This new regulation will help to enhance the growth of the economy, jobs and the living standard of the people. This policy has to be applied now so that the reformation takes place and will help to create vast amount of wealth for the economy of Australia. There is a requirement of a consolidated budget by the gove rnment for the application of this new policy. The governments have to have a role in the initiation of the investment of the private capital and setting up of the infrastructure and then selling it to the superannuation finances. The primary problem is that the people are not willing to learn these new policies. The main challenge is to deal with the shortage of investments in the instruments that will shape the cities. The moderation is required on the recurrent expenditure. Bramston, T. (2017).Liberal economics had its day. Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/policy/era-of-liberal-economics-is-over-keating-seeks-nationbuilding/news-story/780806f9eb7d7b9445e729b2fc68fdbe [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Japanese Parliament to consider law backing commercial whaling This article has been published on 16th June 2017 and reported by Rachel Mealey. Japanese Parliament is considering about resuming commercial whaling. The Parliament desires to start again the commercial whaling as the Japanese people take whaling as cultural rights and they do it annual basis as hunting. Japanese people hunt the whale in Pacific and Southern Ocean. Japanese people take the whaling business as their scientific hunting and International Whaling Commission cannot do anything as IWC supports the scientific whaling. In this regard, Japanese people find the loophole of the international law and start whale hunting again. IWC always prohibits the commercial whaling. The new bill of Japanese parliament wants to give funding about research whaling to the people from the national budget of Japan. The bill also provides resources to Japanese whalers. Japanese government and parliament think that whale hunting is the sense of pride to the people of Japan. The parliament also th inks that Japan people do not restrain of whale hunting as it is the sense of nationalism to them. However, some of the anti-whaling protesters are there to protest like Sea Shepherd. A few months ago, Sea Shepherd published news and photographs of a dead whale on a dock of the ship. However, the government is captioning the bill as Implementation of Scientific Research as commercial whaling. Scientific whaling focuses mainly on counting the whale and finding out the issues in whale across oceans. On the other side, scientific whaling counts the population of whaling that would provide benefits of commercial whaling as well. The bill is propaganda of Japan's international fame and not to support the Japanese taxpayer. ABC News. (2017).Japan to consider law backing commercial whaling. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-16/japan-to-consider-law-backing-commercial-whaling/8623214 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Chinas export continue to slow, but the domestic economy is holding up This article was published on 8th September 2017 and reporter was Stephen Letts. It has been observed that China is witnessing the poor export performance as demand is weakening day-by-day. The first sign of the slowing export possibly is that US dollar is getting stronger. However, China has good news that imports from China are observing prosperous sign as domestic economy is getting robust. This means that market forecasts foresee that US dollar and China's currency both will lower in coming days in China. However, Chinese economists are not seeing any alarming situation in export rate is slow now as the import is growing excessively high. In terms of US dollar, the import is growing well and Yuan measures it performed as high. In case of other big economies' like Europe, the US, Chinese export rate growth is slow, on the contrary, in Asian countries; the growth of export is accelerating in recent time. From an Australian perspective, the iron ore import is strengthening up. Chine se economists measured both import and export prices and they found it's weakening the volume of trade. US dollar is stronger currency and Yuan price is not raised according to market value. However, market analysts found that Chinese Yuan is taken appreciation against US dollar that could be potential profit for China. However, stronger Yuan may not be profitable for export market growth in near future as China's export competitiveness can be shifted to high-tech items. ABC News. (2017).China's exports continue to slow, but the domestic economy is holding up. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-08/china-trade-continues-to-slow/8884778 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Political donations: New data maps industries web of influence This article was published on 9th February and it focused on the mainly increase of political donations by business organisations. Companies, business and individuals are donating in political parties for influencing the Australian politics. In order to buy the influence on political parties, most of the organisations in Australian donating money, however, real estate companies and construction based organisations are at the top of this chart. However, there is the opposite side also as New South Wales banned the donors to political parties from property development business. In case of taking help from political governance, the organisations are trying to create pressure on political parties as mining and finance firms are the major players in taking the advantage of political propaganda with unions. In the year last year (2015-16), the top place was taken by individual donors and almost $6.6 million was donated to the political parties. The business sectors included are constructio n, unions, finance, resources, unions, health and manufacturing companies. However, many entrepreneurs and industrialists personally donated in many political parties. In this light, Paul Marks, mining entrepreneur donated 1.3 million AUD to Liberal Party and he is the largest individual donor. The major banks (Westpac, Commonwealth Bank, ANZ and National Australia Bank) are not far behind and they donated to both Labour and Liberals parties. In case of Labour parties donor, the top five places are from construction, finance, unions and pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals giant Pharmacy Guild of Australia donated $140,000 to Labour party. ABC News. (2017).New political donations data maps industries' web of influence. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-09/political-donations-industry-dataset/8229192 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. John Adams: An Economic Crisis is on its way This article was published on July 4, 2017, and this article dealt with the economic crisis in Australia. John Adams identified some signs that could help Australia to be safe from the economic crisis. Australia's bubble economy is driven by low-interest rates and consumption inducing tax with welfare policies. However, World Bank warned Australia about increasing of interest rate can be vulnerable for the people. Australian's household debt is as proportionate to the disposable income of the people and the rate is high now (190.4%). After the economic growth of the 1920s in Australia, Australia saw major economic depression for two times. In November 2016, Australia saw foreign debt at the highest level with access to $1 trillion as household consumption and low national savings were the main reasons behind this. US Federal Bank is to raise the interest rate, the result of this, Australia has to increase the interest rate on Australian borrowers for the credit rises and internationa l cost. Australia is integrated with the global financial operation. In this situation, Australian economy can go in two directions, it has to raise the interest rate and other is Australia government may lead not to allow other companies to intervene in the market. In conclusion, Australian economy needs to find equilibrium for macroeconomic factors, prices, profits, wages and employment. John Adams expected that this economic depression may last for three years and create an impact on social dislocation, the devastation of domestic economy and restructuring of the economy. Many institutions may bankrupt and Australia may need global intervention to secure the economy again. Dailytelegraph.com.au. (2017).An economic crisis is on its way. Available at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/john-adams-an-economic-crisis-is-on-its-way/news-story/2929bc371f156dd5e1c3528835809fa1 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. References ABC News. (2017).Japan to consider law backing commercial whaling. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-16/japan-to-consider-law-backing-commercial-whaling/8623214 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. ABC News. (2017). China's exports continue to slow, but the domestic economy is holding up. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-08/china-trade-continues-to-slow/8884778 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. ABC News. (2017).New political donations data maps industries' web of influence. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-09/political-donations-industry-dataset/8229192 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Bramston, T. and Bramston, T. (2017).Liberal economics had its day. Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/policy/era-of-liberal-economics-is-over-keating-seeks-nationbuilding/news-story/780806f9eb7d7b9445e729b2fc68fdbe [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Dailytelegraph.com.au. (2017).An economic crisis is on its way. Available at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/john-adams-an-economic-crisis-is-on-its-way/news-story/2929bc371f156dd5e1c3528835809fa1 [Accessed on 13 Sep. 2017]. Sources: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-16/japan-to-consider-law-backing-commercial-whaling/8623214 https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/policy/era-of-liberal-economics-is-over-keating-seeks-nationbuilding/news-story/780806f9eb7d7b9445e729b2fc68fdbe https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-08/china-trade-continues-to-slow/8884778 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-09/political-donations-industry-dataset/8229192 https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/john-adams-an-economic-crisis-is-on-its-way/news-story/2929bc371f156dd5e1c3528835809fa1

Narcotics Investigator Essay Research Paper Narcotics are free essay sample

Narcotics Investigator Essay, Research Paper Narcotics are all compounds that produce insensibility to external stimulations through depression of the cardinal nervous system. Most narcotics today are extracted from opium poppy. Narcotics research workers investigate, and arrest condemnable suspects who are involved with the usage, sale, and distribution of illegal drugs. Their work varies from drug foraies, obtaining information about suspects, groking suspects, and finishing paperwork. Narcotics probes include the usage of clandestine officers and sources to do controlled purchases of narcotics, serve hunt warrants and run drug intercession plans. Millions of dollars are recovered each twelvemonth in narcotics apprehensions. This money is used excessively fund the constabulary section, for wagess, and for drug intercession plans. To go a narcotics research worker a high school sheepskin is the minimum instruction needed? Police Academy preparation is besides necessary, by province jurisprudence. To progress in this line of wo rk, college classs are besides necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Narcotics Investigator Essay Research Paper Narcotics are or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some helpful traits are ability to both think and act rapidly, bravery and honestness. Besides the ability to cover with a assortment of people, the ability to work independently or as portion of a squad, dedication, and physical strength. The occupation mentality is steady for the hereafter because of the turning drug jobs in our state. The occupation of boundary line patrol is closely related to narcotics research workers, because they must halt the import and export of narcotics along out state s boundary lines. Work is done chiefly at police central office. Outside central office, research workers go to offense scenes to roll up grounds, stay in autos for surveillance inside informations, and run intoing with people about anyplace. The occupation is really nerve-racking, and it may affect long work hours. Most significantly, the occupation can take to injury or even decease. The salary scope is from $ 20,000 to $ 33,000 per twelvemonth. This is low wage for such a bad occupation, but some people find the occupation exciting. Benefits include insurance, and a pension. Some narcotics research workers may go defeated with the judicial system failures, and deficiency of public support. The emphasis and hazards might impact relationships. Many research workers fell most comfy around other research workers and associates. Besides, they must maintain a clean record, and take part in activities that reflect positively upon the constabulary section. For more information on narcotics research workers , contact the National Sheriff s Association in Virginia, the Career College Association in Washington D.C, or in other lifes, encyclopaedia, or books.

Cry, the Beloved Country essays

Cry, the Beloved Country essays Insanity- a perfectly rational adjustment to an insane world The main characters apparent madness or irrational behavior plays an important role in the book One Flew Over the Cookoos Nest by Ken Kesey. The purpose for the madness in One Flew over the Cookoos Nest is slightly more obvious than in other books. The plot revolves around it. The madness is necessary for the discovery of the societal problems. Craziness makes the story happen, but the madness of the characters is not simply a mental disability, but rather, a reasonable adjustment to the society they are exposed to. "We are victims of a matriarchy here, my friend." Harding's explanation of life in the hospital seems be true. While the Combine undoubtedly contains both male and female workers, its main representatives in the book do appear to be women. Heading it in the hospital is Nurse Ratched, who dominates all men- even ones like Dr. Spivey who are supposed to be her superiors. Her power is expressed in very sexual terms: she is, McMurphy says after his first group meeting, "a ball-cutter." Other women include Mary Louise Bromden, who forced her husband to give up both his name and his Indian ways; Mrs. Bibbit, who dominated her son at home just as Nurse Ratched dominates him in the hospital, and more minor characters like Nurse Pilbow, who is so terrified of the power McMurphy shows she becomes a hysterical mess. Such women gain their power over men in two ways. The first is that they repress men's sexuality. Harding and McMurphy agree that Nurse Ratched's control comes from the fact that men can't be sexually aroused by her; Mrs. Bibbit has prevented Billy from becoming a functioning adult by preventing him from losing his virginity. Another really important point is that they destroy men's ability to laugh. McMurphy says, "A man go around lettin' a woman whip him down till he can't laug ...

Human Resource Management Unit Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource Management Unit - Case Study Example The initial success of the business can be attributed to the enormous efforts and hard work which had gone into the company. This had resulted in great earnings and revenue for the company which consequently reflected through the satisfaction of workers and their commitment and contribution towards the employer. During the initial years major emphasis was also provided towards enhancing employee satisfaction in terms of providing rewards, cash bonuses and throwing big parties for the employees. There was least coordination of activities between the different business units in the organization. This is because each of the units considered themselves as individual entities which created major coordination problems between them. It was realized by the management that the employees belonging to the individual depot showed enormous commitment towards that business unit, however, this loyalty was not visible from the overall perspective of the company. This shows that the workers’ efforts were not directed towards the goals and objectives of the company and thus did not add to the company’s growth (Cook, 2007, p. 128). Lack of employee commitment The relations between the workforce and management had deteriorated considerably. There was least job satisfaction among employees. The management tried to satisfy the employees and increase productivity by providing them with extra incentives. However, the policy did not work in their favour.

How true is that the United States have a responsibility to protect Essay

How true is that the United States have a responsibility to protect human rights in other countries - Essay Example The United Nations A number of culturally diverse countries make up the world. To ensure that these countries will be protected against any unjust and unfair treatment by each other, there is a need for a global or international community that will stand as a world government. The United Nation is one of the major organizations that make up the international community. It is an â€Å"international organization designed to make the enforcement of international law, security, economic development, social progress, and human rights easier for countries around the world† (Briney, 2011). According to Briney (2011), this international organization is composed of 193 member countries and its head office can be found in New York. The fundamental purpose of United Nations includes saving future generations from war, protect human rights and establish equality for all persons (Briney, 2011). In Briney’s (2011) article entitled The United Nations, other principles of this international organization include upholding justice, freedom and social progress for all the citizens of all the member states. Thus it can be said that this international organization is one of the best that created or established in the world community. With the goals or purposes that the United Nations aim to do, the world is protected against any harm or threat from any countries. ... Thus economic progress can also be achieved by ensuring that all member states comply with the rules and regulations especially about fair competition and trade responsibilities. Aside from this, each person is granted the protection of his rights in the national and international level. Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights or UNDHR is described as the â€Å"foundation of international human rights law, the first universal statement on the basic principles of inalienable human rights, and a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations† (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: a Living Document, 2007). The Preamble of the UNDHR includes the following: Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which h ave outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger

Inclusion in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Inclusion in the Classroom Essay Generally, when people describe the term inclusion they might use words like accepted, welcomed, valued, and togetherness. With word inclusion having the ability to generate these types of positive emotions, why wouldn’t one want to incorporate full-inclusion into the classroom? Its hard to see the potential pitfalls when looking at the developmental benefits from including students with more severe disabilities into the classroom, yet there are still concerns regarding inclusion. Parents of children with disabilities, parent of children without disabilities, and even general education teachers have voiced their opinion on why full-inclusion may not be the best solution for all disability students. Weather its the case of not being able to accommodate the student with the necessary amount of movement breaks throughout the day, or having the student feeling constant pressure to keep up with the rest of the class (Falcone, K. 2012). There is also the concern that keeping disability students away from a specialized educational setting is simply depriving them of an appropriate education, and that proper special education is individualized (Fuchs Fuchs, 1995). Parents with disabled children have even challenged the idea of Full-inclusion by saying that their child may be looked or treated differently, resulting in self-esteem issues and/or bullying. Like I stated before, including an individual is usually looked at as good thing. So when schools, and parents evaluate incorporating full-inclusion into the classroom, they usually get a laundry list ways it could benefit not only the child with the disability but everyone in the classroom. Many believe that including students with disabilities in both academic and non academic settings can strengthen them socially and strengthen the way the interact with non-disabled peers. This also brings up the argument that non-disabled students can deeply benefit from interacting with their peers of disabilities (Wehmeyer, 2003). Inclusion can build patience and understanding within a classroom, and at a young age show students how to be accepting of all people. Also including children with disabilities in a Gen. Ed classroom is likely to have little academic impact on the other students, but could even enhance the learning environment by adding more teachers in the classroom for extra help. The community can also benefit from inclusion. With an increase in peer interaction and social experience, students with disabilities will be able to gain the skills necessary to contribute to their community once their educational career is over. Personally, I believe not only children with server disabilities can greatly benefit from being included in the classroom, but everyone involved in the classroom can benefit from Inclusion. Theres a lot to be said for the schools pushing interaction between disability students and non disabled students. It gives the opportunity for children to grow morally, and develop a greater understanding of acceptance. We saw the affect Peter had on his classmates, and the tremendous social growth they gained over the coarse of the year. There are students like Peter in classrooms all around the country, that can offer a deeper understanding of life. It goes to show just because you might be different doesn’t mean you don’t belong. I think its truly important to incorporate inclusion into the classroom and that positives out weigh the negatives. With that said, I also believe that there are somethings the Gen Ed classroom cant accommodate for. Many students with disabilities rely on having that learning center or special ed classroom where they can go and get fully accommodated and proper one-on-on attention is absolutely crucial. Spending time with special ed instructors, with individualized lessons can be a lot more affective than keeping up with the pace of the Gen ed curriculum. My opinion from the beginning of the year hasn’t really changed. Coming into this class I knew that having students with disabilities incorporated with the day-to-day class time was important. Yet at the same time I knew how important the special education classes are and how helpful they can be for the academic progress of these students. My case study really proved that. My student needed that place to go when he felt lost or over whelmed. Full-inclusion would have been too much for him.

Filippo Brunelleschi Essays -- Classical Italian Architecture Italy Es

Filippo Brunelleschi Fillippo Brunelleschi is famous for such ideas and projects as the â€Å"Cupola of the Duomo† in Florence and for the way he convoluted forms of classical architecture according to the new spirit of his age. In the Florentine workshops he was trained as a sculptor and goldsmith and in 1401 he became well known by winning a competition for the second door of Baptistery â€Å"Ex Aequo† with Lorenzo Ghiberti, who was commissioned to carry out the work. The Bargello Museum holds the panels of the â€Å"Sacrifice of Isaac† that the two artists carried out for this competition. It is believed Brunelleschi most likely spent the next three years studying sculpture and architecture with his friend Donatello in Rome. In 1401 he joined the Guild of Goldsmiths. However, his interest in mathematics and ancient monuments sent him toward the direction of architecture (Lombroso 1). Starting in 1409, he worked on the Santa Maria del Fiore’s construction and was immediately attracted by the cupola’s problem; in 1418 his design won the competition and he was put in complete charge of the building works in 1423. The completion of this important construction and a special design technique that made it possible to create the huge cupola’s curves without a supporting framework, presumed most of his life. This formed the basis of Renaissance architecture. In 1434 the main structure was finished and then the lantern completed it by 1436 and finally the four tribunes in the apse in 1438 (Lombroso 2). During this period Brunelleschi also worked on the Pazzi Chapel in the Cloisters of Santa Croce in 1430, the Spedale degli Innocenti in 1424, the reconstruction of San Lorenzo in 1423, on the design for Santo Spirito in 1436, and finally t... ...ful monarchs that finally succeeded in gradually unifying each country. England’s unity came under Henry VII while France was united around the time of the death of Louis XI in 1483. Major ideas of the Renaissance also began to influence the cultures of England and France. The reign of Queen Elizabeth I was perhaps one of the most culturally rich times for England during the Renaissance. Shakespeare’s plays and works were also written and glorified during this time (Cedar Rapids 7). Works Cited: Cedar Rapids Community Schools, Government of the Renaissance. Web. 3 April 2015. http://www.cr.k12.ia.us/Renaissance/government.htm Encyclopedia4U.COM, Leone Battista Alberti. Web. 3 April 2015. http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/l/leone-battista-alberti.html Megavia Lombroso, Filippo Brunelleschi. Web. 3 April 2015. http://www.mega.it/eng/egui/pers/fibru.htm

How does Mary Shelley use Gothic elements to explore deeper issues in Chapter Five? Essay

The Gothic Horror novel is a literary genre which began to flourish in Britain during the 18th century. It is a type of novel that deals with events that generally question the boundaries that separate the socially acceptable from the unacceptable, often exploring the themes of good and evil along the way. Prominent features of this genre are typically desolate or remote settings, with violent, mysterious and macabre incidents taking place. The use of such devices usually leads to an observing of the margins between what is human, and what is monstrous, supernatural and inhumane. This allows the genre to delve into subjects that are frequently regarded as taboo. Mary Shelley’s ‘Frankenstein’ is a classic example of a Gothic Horror novel; it uses almost all of the above conventions, and resultantly explores one of the fiercest debates of morality: cloning, which, during the era in which Frankenstein was written, would have been a prohibited issue. Chapter Five uses many Gothic elements in order to depict the intensity of the issue that it explores; it is the chapter in which Victor Frankenstein brings his Creation to life, and consequently is the chapter that brings about the eventual destruction of Frankenstein. From the opening paragraph of this chapter, we get a sense of the gloominess that is manifest throughout: firstly, Shelley sets the scene in a typically eerie environment; it is on a ‘dreary night [at] one in the morning’ that the event occurs, as the ‘rain patters dismally against the panes. ‘ The isolation of the environment- the fact that Victor is alone in a foreign country, in the dead of night- is an alien situation, and is unsettling for the reader. It also highlights Victor’s seclusion; he is alone in the world. Frankenstein and his Creation are the only two living creatures in the first section of this chapter, in which the being is created. Later on in the book, we see that Frankenstein must battle against the being he has created in order to save humanity. The fact that he and his Creation are alone in the room, in isolated surroundings pre-empts the idea that there will be a war between Frankenstein and his Creation, and the fact that the struggle will leave Victor even more isolated than he is now. Also, the pathetic fallacy of such weather and times foreshadows the dark events that are to follow. The fact that he works by a ‘half-extinguished light’ also creates a sense of foreboding: it shows that any bright or happy times that Victor had previously experienced are going to be over soon, smothered out by the Creation. Notice how the usual gothic convention of a violent thunderstorm has instead been replaced by rain pattering ‘dismally. ‘ The weather is also described as ‘dreary’: the use of such adjectives creates a monotonous and also rather melancholy atmosphere. This depressed environment pre-empts the disappointing result of the ‘experiment:’ the miserable surroundings prepare the reader for the equally dismal disillusionment of the ‘birth’. The lack of thunderstorm could also engender a feeling of unease, as it strays away from the typical Gothic convention; unfamiliarity usually provokes a sense of discomfort, adding to the eerie ambience of the chapter. Shelley’s subversion of conventions prepares the reader for the ‘birth’, as the ‘birth’ also generates distress, disappointment and unease: Victor is expecting the Creation to turn out as a normal being; instead, he is horrified by what he sees and it comes as a complete shock to him. This eerie atmosphere that Shelley creates is further brought about by the sense of indefiniteness that is created; it is all very vague: we are told about ‘instruments of life,’ but they are never described. The ‘spark of being’ that is infused is also an ambiguous case; it could be electricity, but we do not know for sure. This sense of indefiniteness arouses anxiety and anticipation; the reader is not exactly sure of the circumstances, and so is uneasy with it. Mysterious situations are being delved into: this exploration of the unknown is another prominent feature of the Gothic Horror novel that is portrayed throughout ‘Frankenstein.’ Shelley does not just attempt to perturb the reader; she also provokes fear and revulsion by the use of description. For example, the creature’s ‘yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath.’ The creature’s description is almost semi-human, which again links to the gothic genre; the portrayal of the creature is monstrous, and also rather frightening. However, the Creation also has some beautiful features, such as ‘lustrous black’ hair, and ‘teeth of a pearly whiteness.’ These beauteous features, however, only ‘formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes [†¦] dun white sockets [†¦] shrivelled complexion [†¦] straight black lips.’ This combination of aesthetic and horrible features accentuates the ugliness; they only enhance the repulsiveness, creating a worse overall outcome. This emphasises the way that human nature is more prone to seeing the negative aspects rather than the positive; the hideous outbalances the pleasant. The reader’s fear of the monster is further consolidated with the way that Victor reacts towards his Creation. Victor rejects his Creation because of the way he looks; he is filled with ‘breathless horror’ and rushes ‘out of the room.’ This could either influence the reader in the way that they emulate Victor’s reaction, or that they feel he is irresponsible; we see that Victor runs away from his problems, instead of facing up to them. This shows that he has not planned for anything to go wrong; he is foolish, and too obsessed with his goal to consider the consequences. Victor’s state of mind of late is also a typical one used in Gothic novels; Victor seems to be going insane, as that night he is ‘unable to compose [his] mind to sleep,’ and when he finally does fall asleep, he is ‘disturbed by the wildest of dreams.’ His mind is very troubled, and he states that he ‘worked hard for nearly two years†¦deprived myself of rest and health.’ He has overcome basic human needs, like food and rest: this creates a sense of the unnatural, as it is not normal to deprive oneself from such necessities merely for the sake of work. This element of the novel is strongly gothic, as it relates to the idea of a living nightmare. Shelley here is portraying the dangers of obsession, and the fact that man cannot create man with ease. Victor has succeeded in creating man; however, he has had to sacrifice many basic requirements in order to achieve his goal. The ‘wildest of dreams’ that Victor experiences are certainly disturbing, and adds to the Gothic aspects of the chapter; he dreams about holding his lover, who then transforms into his dead mother, and then ‘a shroud envelopes her form, and (Victor) saw the grave-worms crawling in the folds of the flannel.’ These images could be symbolic of his deeper and darker concerns; that he is worried about the harm that the Creation will inflict upon his loved ones. The dead mother could pre-empt the deaths that occur later on in the story, as a result of his Creation? The dream occurs as a result of his Creation, as do the deaths that happen later on. The dream could also have undertones of necrophilia; he handles the pieces of dead body easily enough to create man, perhaps the dream suggests an obsession with death? Such issues would have been of a taboo status, and the way that Shelley explores matters of the sort is typical of the gothic genre. Frankenstein awakens from his sleep and sees the monster, who reaches out for him.The Creation is treated with contempt and disgust from the moment it is born, even though it does not initially cause any harm, or even intend to cause any harm. Victor describes the way a ‘grin wrinkled’ the Creation’s cheeks, and how ‘one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me.’ Such actions can be interpreted in various ways; the Creation could simply have been smiling and reaching out to Victor for a hug, yet Victor immediately assumes that the Creation wants to ‘detain’ him. The Creation also ‘muttered some inarticulate sounds;’ the first thing that it tries to do is communicate: this shows that it is a friendly and sociable creature, yet, from the moment it is born, it is though the worst of, and is shunned in its attempts at making friends. This foreshadows the way that the monster will not be accepted into society: it has already been rejected by its own creator, it seems unlikely that society will accept it. Victor’s actions are worse than the Creation’s: Victor runs away in a cowardly manner, when all the Creation was trying to do was be friendly. The following morning, after Victor’s encounter with his Creation, the weather is described as ‘dismal and wet.’ Shelley has used pathetic fallacy here; the physical landscape reflects Victor’s mental landscape. It echoes the gloomy future that is to commence, and reflects the dismal reality of the situation. The ‘black and comfortless sky’ gives connotations of darkness and evil, suggesting that God has rejected Victor for toying with his power. Prometheus, a mythological God, was given responsibility for the creation of mankind, which he produced from pieces of clay. Prometheus could not bear to see the clay mortals he had created living a half-life, without fire; ignoring the Gods and Zeus’s intentions that Man should not have fire, Prometheus stole some and gave it to his clay beings, rebelling against the wishes of the other Gods. Victor Frankenstein is often compared to Prometheus; in fact, Shelley has put the subtitle for the novel as ‘a modern Prometheus.’ he echoes two aspects of the Prometheus myth: the creation of man from raw materials, and the rebellion against a higher authority. Victor’s situation is similar; he defies God by mimicking God’s ability to create life; this angers God, and we see this is the way the sky is illustrated. This is another Gothic element, as Victor opts for the Devil’s side as opposed to God’s side. This portrays the classic battle between good and evil: good always defeats evil, as is shown when, later on in the novel, Victor starts to regret his choice. By the end of the chapter, Victor’s frame of mind is just as unstable as ever; ‘the form of the monster on whom I had bestowed existence was forever before my eyes.’ The Creation haunts Victor wherever he turns, showing how he has developed a nervous complex. This unstableness of his mind is eerie in itself. It depicts the fragility of the human mind, and is quite frightening to imagine. Shelley arguably presents Victor as more loathsome than the Creation in this chapter, as it is Victor that is the coward, in running away from his own creation. Victor also abandons his family in order to pursue his goal of bringing a human to life: the Creation does not do this. The Creation ‘reaches out’ for Victor, searching for a friendly response. In fact, it is Victor who rejects the Creation. Shelley here could be referring to the responsibility that parents have in accordance to their children; Victor abandons his ‘child,’ and never shows regret f or the way he treats it. Throughout this chapter, Shelley presents many warnings involving the responsibility of a parent towards its child, and uses gothic conventions in order to convey this. She also gives warnings about the dangers of playing God; such warnings are relevant even today: modern science and parental responsibilities still apply in the modern world. All of the events that occur throughout the novel, and particularly in chapter five, are that of a supernatural nature. The chapter contains many references to matters of taboo, such as necrophilia, and also explores the idea of abandonment and the way society outcasts certain members simply due to physical appearance. Shelley could be sending out a message of warning to future generations, showing what could happen as a result of playing God. She also seems to be commenting on how unjust it is that humans base their judgements purely on physical appearance. As part of a gothic story, chapter five is extremely effective, in that it contains all the conventional gothic elements, along with unconventional ones, in order to maximise the feeling of unease, discomfort and fright.

Assessing the Zara brands success worldwide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4865 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Fashion Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Zara is one of the most well known brands in the world and is also one of the largest international fashion companies. They are the third largest brand in the garment industry and are a unit of Inditex. It their flagship range of chain stores and are headquartered in Spain. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Assessing the Zara brands success worldwide" essay for you Create order Zara opened its first outlet in Spain in 1975. The headquarters of the company is based in Galicia. There are more than 2600 stores across 73 countries in the world. The Zara clothing line accounts for a huge bulk of its parent groups revenues. There are other clothing brands owned by Inditex such as Kiddy ´s Class (childrens fashion), Pull and Bear (youth casual clothes), Massimo Dutti (quality and conventional fashion), Bershka (avant-garde clothing), Stradivarius (trendy garments for young woman), Oysho (undergarment chain) and Zara Home (household textiles). Inditex owns all Zara outlets except for places where they are not allowed ownership of stores (thats where Franchises step in). Zara is renowned for coming up with products on a short timescale instead of taking forever. They are known for taking around 2 weeks to develop products and have been known to come up with around 10,000 new designs every year (which is an industry record). They have bucked the trend by ma king productions in Europe instead of shifting their entire production to Third World or Developing countries. However some of their clothes are manufactured in parts of Asia due to the fact that they have a longer shelf life. They make most of their own products inside Spain or other European Countries as they own a large number of factories in both Spain and Portugal. They also dont have to depend on anyone else as they can get everything done by themselves. Zara is unique in the way that it does not spend money on marketing and instead concentrates on opening new stores instead. Their brave experiments have led them to be labeled as one of the most innovative retailers in the world. Zara started out with low priced products which were pale imitations of high end fashion products. This move led to Zara being a smashing success and allowed them to expand by opening more stores in Spain. The company management also managed to reduce the time it took to create new designs and c ame up with the term instant fashions which allowed them to capitalize on new trends really fast. Zara is known to use teams of designers instead of individuals. Zara has to face a lot of competition from HM, Gap and Bentton internationally. Fortunately Zara is considered to be more fashionable than the rest of the brands despite the fact that its price is less than Benetton and Gap. HM is still cheaper than Zara but is equally fashionable as Zara. Gap and Benetton are less fashionable and more pricy. SWOT Analysis Strengths Zaras biggest strength is the fact that it provides cost leadership strategy by aiming at efficiency and cost reduction on products. There is a lot of efficiency merely due to the fact that products are put on fast track and costs are kept really low. They dont take a long time to come up with new collections. Zara is able to come up with collections really fast (around 2 weeks to get a collection ready). Zara focuses on what its customers want and thats why they have managed to do so well. They are able to get the opinions of its customers on a daily basis. The data is sent over to the headquarters where it is analyzed. This is a great way of saving time and helps them understand what sort of trends to follow. Since it does not take them a long time to come up with products they are able to cash in on the trends. They are also able to design, manufacture and send out the new products in less than 2 weeks. They are also very efficient when it comes to delivery of the products. Zara employs a huge team of designers who are able to design the clothes they require. Most of these designers are fresh out of Fashion schools and are able to do more for less. Most of the clothes manufactured are made in Spain and there is no need for outsourcing. Zara manufactures and distributes its clothes so it manages to cut out the middle man. This is one reason why they are able to get clothes out there so fast. They also have a great Information technology solution in place which allows for decentralized decision making. Weaknesses Zara does not spend any money on marketing or advertising. This is a huge weakness for them as its competitors spend a lot of money on advertising. Zara relies on goodwill and word of mouth so that people can shop at their stores. This is a weakness which can be exploited in the future by its competitors. Another weakness is the fact that Zara only has one manufacturing and distribution centre in the world. This is a double edged sword as it is both a weakness and strength. The fact that they have a huge distribution centre makes it an asset but then if it is hit by some sort of natural disaster or some logistical problem then it can have an adverse effect on its revenues. Opportunities There are a lot of opportunities for Zara lying ahead. They need to expand their presence in the USA where they face competition from the likes of GAP. They only have around 49 stores in the US which is not bad but then based on the size of the US that is equivalent to around one store per state. In comparison there are more than 300 stores in Spain which is a fraction of the size of the US. They may have conquered Europe but they still need to expand into the US market so they can give Gap a run for its money. They can grow properly if they expand their presence in the US. Zara is only going for markets where it is doing well such as Italy. However there is a huge opportunity for them to tap into the Indian market. The Indian Economy is doing really well and people over there love to buy good quality brand names at a reasonable price. Zara already has 2 outlets in India but then it wouldnt hurt to expand a bit more and form alliances with local manufacturers. This will make it easier for them to slowly grow within the Indian market. Threats The biggest threat facing Zara is the fact that it is Europe Based. Zara is based in Spain and has a huge number of stores in Europe. Critics believe that there is an over saturation of stores in Europe and that having such a huge number of stores will dent the revenues over the longer term. The other reason is the fact that the Euro tends to be stronger than the Dollar. This is one reason why merchandise from Zara tends to be more expensive in other countries. This can be a big turn off and can have an adverse effect on their revenues in the longer term. Porters Five Forces Porters Five Forces allows us to look at the five forces which help us determine the competitive intensity and the attractiveness of a market. Some of these forces are related to competition from external sources while the rest are internal threats. These are basically all related to the macro environment. The various Forces are threat of substitute products, the threat of established rivals, the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers and the bargaining power of customers. Porters Five Forces Analysis Threat of Competitors Zara faces a lot of competition in the market. There are a large number of competitors in the market such as HM, Benetton, Gap, etc. Fortunately The high level of competition makes it tough for everyone as they are all struggling to get a piece of the pie . The biggest problem is that due to the large number of competitors the growth rate is low due to the number of manufacturers around. The clothing industry has peaked and it is very difficult for people to stay in the industry as the competition is cut throat. Customers are spoiled for choice due to the number of brands within the market. They are also very fickle minded and base their buying habits on the basis of new trends. They will only buy based on price and brand recognition and this is why the manufacturers have to keep changing what they do and come up with new ways of gaining customers. The costs of manufacturing new goods are quite high plus it is not easy to procure raw material so thats why the ones who have the reso urces and the ability to do so are able to survive within the market. Threat of New Entrants There is always the threat of new entrants but then the risk is not so much as Zara already has a huge presence in most parts of the world. The barriers for entry for distribution are quite low in Spain ( where the bulk of their clothes come from.) New entrants will have it easy as the cost of distribution is quite low as they only need to rent a shop and need a bit of capital to start out. However when it comes to manufacturing then the barriers of entry are really high mainly due to the fact that it requires a huge investment to get started within the market. Substitutes There is no threat of substitutes as it is a basic necessity for everyone. Customers Bargaining Power Customers have varying levels of bargaining power as they can decide what they want. Customers are quite fickle when it comes to buying clothes. However the good thing is that each customer has a love purchase volume and that means that even if some tend to change their brand there will still be some who will buy Zara. It is not an item like a burger or a snack which is available easily anywhere for a low price. The good thing about the clothing business is that there is no risk nonpayment because customers pay for clothes during purchase. Supplier Negotiation Power There are too many suppliers in the market which is one reason why the suppliers dont have much negotiating power. The fact that Zara procures or makes most of the stuff itself is also another factor which doesnt work in the suppliers favor. If the supplier decides to cut down the supplies the manufacturer can easily go to another manufacturer. PEST Analysis The PEST analysis is a study of the environment before a company begins its marketing process. It is a study of the external macro environment. It stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and is an environmental scanning component of strategic management ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Political The political factors affecting Zara are when the government intervenes into the economy and comes up with laws which change the way things are done in the country. The government can easily change its policy and change the ways a business can operate in the country. They can change the laws and do drastic things like changing the interest rate. Zara needs to know the entire system and to be prepared for any potential problems it can face from the government due to a change in policies. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Economical Economic factors come into play as they are related to factors such as interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflat ion and exchange rates. These have the potential to create many problems in the future. There are different duties and levels of tariffs in different countries and this can cause the prices of products to vary in different countries. The price of goods will also vary based on the country of origin and thats what Zara needs to keep in mind. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Social If there are Changes in social trends it will have a huge impact on the demand for Zaras products and the availability and willingness of individuals to work. However that is not likely to happen as its not as if Zara makes niche products. They focus on a huge market and make different types of products so it is quite unlikely that there will be a social shift in this part. However the company still needs to work on trends and to make sure its updated with the times so that it can satisfy its customers and meet the demands of its demographics. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Technology Due to advances in technology companies have to make sure that they keep up. Zara has to make sure that they have the latest technology and that they are innovative in every way. The more advanced the technology the more it can bring about some quality. Zara has invested in technology and it has to keep improvising because if they dont then their competitors will get a head start on them. Part 2: Zara is the biggest contributor towards Inditexs profits. Its the most well known brand in the group and has played a huge role in the growth of the group as well as bringing about huge sales and profits. Zaras success has brought about a large number of case studies and reports. It has consolidated its position in the fashion industry and has made a good name for itself. Zaras business model is basically based on the principle that it can sell medium quality fashion clothing at affordable prices. Basically vertical integration and the ability to come up with a quick-response is a key factor to Z aras successful business model otherwise they would be no where without it. The process for Zara has been designed in such a way that it has the various functions within the business system such as designing, sourcing and manufacturing, distribution and retailing. They do all of these themselves and that is one reason why their growth is at a good rate. However what goes up must come down and Zara is not immune to the problems in the world. The way they operate can also prove to be their undoing due to the model they are currently utilizing. The fact that they have their own distribution centre and manufacturing unit is a very weak point. This can be discussed further in this document. The management at Zara have come up four fundamental success factors: short cycle time for creation of product, small quantity per product (and not too much of the same stock) , extensive variety of product every season (so that users can choose easily) as well as a huge investment in information a nd communication technology to allow them to stay on track . Zara knows what its customers want by tracking their preferences on a year round basis. They have their own team of designers who have been recruited fresh out of fashion school. It is not a tough job to tell them what they want based on the input they receive. They make around a limited quantity of clothes based on the 11000 various items designed by its in-house staff. Zara does not make any losses as they only order a limited quantity of each item which they believe is stylish and will be more restricted season wise. For example if they have miniskirts in design they will only be available for a short time due to the short summer period in Europe. Other clothes which can work the year around and for which the trend does not change are outsourced to Asia as the cost wont be so high. The outsourcing operation is very handy mainly because these clothes have a longer shelf life. It does not take a long time for the cloth es to be prepared as it merely takes around 4 weeks total for the whole process : from design to the finished product in the stores. The fact that Zara knows what sort of trends are there in the market and are quick enough to change their strategy to match the trends in the fashion industry gives them a huge advantage. They are able to modify their timetable easily to adjust for a change in the trends in the market. Normally it takes around 8 to 12 months for any normal retailer to forecast trends and come up with a style and send it for production. They are unable to match what Zara does and they end up losing big time. Even if a style fails to sell much, Zara can easily sell the clothes on a discount. The fact that they quantity of clothes manufactured was so low that they lose much. Their low volume strategy has helped them have a very low number of discount sales every year as compared to a high rate for the rest of the industry. However this leads to higher costs which is a disadvantage but then they dont have to worry about having higher inventories. This method allows for a low inventory and high profit margins. They dont save any money here with costs but then they get the maximum out of their clothing line. A problem they face is the fact that since Zara controls everything it is not easy for them to expand or relocate as they have to stay put in one place or the whole operation will suffer and the goods will cost more to distribute. Zaras business model is wonderful in the sense that it has a very fashion forward line as they know which trends to cash in on. They seem to have the midas touch of turning everything into gold. Their policy is to have a mostly young and fashion conscious staff so that they will also be able to double as trend setters. If for instance a certain item in a store sells well then the management decides to sell the same item in other locations as well. The key is that most of the items are in short supply and people p resume that there is a shortage of items which ends up making consumers want to buy more. A key factor in Zaras success is the fact that it has sourced its products from the right places. They have based their procurement offices in a couple of fashionable cities in the world. This allows them to witness the trends first hand and then to quickly come up with a solution of their own. They dont buy all the raw products on their own as they use one of their parent groups procurement units to do all its purchasing. One clever move on their part is that they buy most of their fabric in grey so that there is greater flexibility. It doesnt take long for the fabric to be prepared. The main distribution artery is in Spain where they have their biggest distribution centre. They also have some smaller distribution centers in countries such as Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. The problem with the distribution centre is that it is purely based in Spain and does not have the capacity for a hea vy load. It is a huge distribution centre and occupies around 500,000 square feet in total. They only have the capability of processing around 60,000 folded garments in an hour. They need to find a new distribution centre or increase their operations so that they can save more time. However the biggest advantage for them is the fact that they have vertical integration which allows them to manufacture and distribute their own stuff without having to be at the mercy of any supplier. It is not tough to move any of their products as they have their own railway network which allows them to move goods easily to its distribution centre. Once the goods are ready they are shipped out immediately though the shipping schedule is only twice a week. European stores get their goods early (around 24-36 hours) while other destinations get them within 2 days. This system has allowed them to achieve a very high level of accuracy in its shipments. The other good thing is that the outlets dont take lon g to display the new outfits once they reach their destination and this allows them to show new stock to their customers. The clothes are also coded according to their color so that the staff knows where to place them. This makes it easier for the customers to go around color matching the items they want to buy. Problems with Zara Zara is facing a large number of issues which can cause them a number of problems in the future. Despite the fact that Zara has a consistent business system which gives them a competitive advantage it is always in the danger of tanking badly. Zaras biggest advantage is the fact that its economies of scale are really good and that they have been able to ramp up their distribution system. The continued growth is good for them in every way. They have been helped a lot by their expansion in the international market. However their growth in the international market will be curtailed due to the reason that Zara has a very centralized logistics model. It is understandable that Zara has to expand its distribution centers and to increase its capacity. Zara has its main distribution centre in Spain and it wont be easy going trying to expand when their base is only in Spain. This will affect their plans to go international and to target more regions. They cant simply survive with a Europea n presence alone. It is true that they do have a presence in other countries but then it is not as much as it should be. They have a huge presence in Spain but quite limited when it comes to other countries. They can easily target the North American region where they dont have much of a presence compared to the huge size of the region. The problem is that there are a lot of outlets there and a lot of competition coupled with the need for plus sized clothing, high cost of operations and a very mature market. Zara needs to come up with a strategy so they can compete very aggressively over there. They can also target South America but the problem is that it is not a very stable region and any geopolitical problems can lead to profits being low. A good market would be the ever reliable Middle East where Zara already has a small presence. However with talks of revolution in the air and other geo political problems it can be a risky bet. There are a few countries in the region which will lead it to be profitable but then the market is small compared to other regions. They can easily opt for countries such as the South East Asian markets and South Asia which have a lot of potential. Recommendations Zara can easily go around and expand its operations in many ways. The best thing would be to take it easy for the short term and to go for further expansion in Europe. Spain and Italy are neighbors and the fact that Zara has its main distribution centre in Spain will make it easy for Zara. For the time being they dont need to open any more distribution centers as they can work with regions which are quite near in proximity to them. Italy is one of the most fashion savy countries in Europe along with France. Zara already has 70 plus stores in the country but then they can do a lot better. They can enhance their presence in the market and try and take some share from some of its know rivals such as Benetton and HM. the biggest way for Zara to expand is to try and open another Distribution Centre in Eastern Europe and to be able to expand its operations in Eastern Europe. A number of countries are coming into the European Union and are ripe for the picking. They already have a presenc e in some countries but the number of stores per region is not as much as it should be. Zara should expand further in the Asian markets once they have been able to do their bit in Europe. They have already tested the waters in Asia despite the fact that there is a lot of competition from local vendors there. However the fact that people in the developing countries and with surging economies will be sure to try out Foreign brands and that would be one reason why its a good idea to expand further in Asia. The only problem is that Zara is based in Spain and that all their designs come from that region. The fact that they make items in limited quantities ensuring a low inventory will scuttle their plans to expand easily. If Zara decentralizes its manufacturing policy it can easily set up its own operations and distribution centre in Asia. It wont be easy as they will still have to procure items via local vendors. If they are unable to create a distribution centre in Asia they can sti ll create a larger upscale distribution centre in Spain where they are able to take the load of supplying to a larger number of stores. In this way they will be able to keep up with the demand and supply. This will help in the growth of the company and allow them to face challenges. It wouldnt be a bad idea to expand in the US market in the long term even if it is not so friendly towards European labels. Competitors such as Benetton and HM have faced problems with the US market in the past. However Zara has the resources and the ability to be able to expand within the market. They can expand easily in the US market only if they manage to curb their costs which are quite high at the moment. They also need to invest in a proper high end IT system which can help them go with the trends. They will not have the advantage of the system they have in Spain as its a totally different ball game over there. There will be different political and economic circumstances which will dictate t he way they do everything. It wont be easy to change their entire business model just for another region. This would mean that they have to decentralize the way they work so that they can work in the US. They would have to establish a distribution centre in Mexico or another cheaper place so that they can cater to the needs. The cost of labor wont be so much but the fact that it is decentralized and not under the control of the Spanish HQ. On the bright side it will be cheaper to ship products and the tariffs will be low. This will allow them to save a lot on costs and they will be able to keep their prices the same way they are in the origin countries. They will also be able to enjoy greater margins in this way. They will also be able to resolve other matters such as retailing overcapacity, less fashion-forwardness, need for larger sizes, and considerable internal variation. Risks The risks associated with expanding overseas are that it will require a lot of capital. They need to establish new facilities and it is not an easy task. They have to do a number of studies and research the market properly before they go ahead. It wont be an easy feat setting up everything from scratch. They will also have to train people the way they operate in Spain. However they can still keep the design and procurement process centralized as technology will allow their units to do what they want. Its just the units which need to be decentralized. There is the huge possibility that they will face a number of obstacles and losses before they can actually do something. The only problem is that they will face problems with their margin while they are at it. They will have to face increased costs and will have to pass on the buck to consumers so that their bottom line is not affected. Hypothetically they can also opt for joint ventures or franchising if they dont want to go and e xpand in the US. The only problem is that joint ventures and franchises dont always pan out as required. It can create problems for their brand name and can cause many unforeseen problems in the future. It is never a good idea to give out a franchise or work in a joint venture unless there is synergy between the two partners. Conclusion In the end it is highly recommended that Zara keep its house and affairs in order before they can think of expansion. Due to the environmental factors and the fact that the Euro Zone will not always be so stable should shake it out of its comfort zone. Expansion is the key but they have to play their cards right and plan their move properly before they end up making some costly mistakes.