The Implications Of Density Dependence - 1336 Words

The purpose of this study is to document the implications of density dependence in crawfish frog populations in two different environments: restored prairie and disturbed farmland, to find out equilibrium population size is most sensitive to which life stage and to study whether the strength of density dependence varies with environment. We hypothesize that strength of density dependence will determine the equilibrium population size. Strength of density dependence can vary from weak to strong depending on the habitat quality. Habitat quality in turn will affect the equilibrium population density that the habitat can support. This knowledge of effects of environmental context on population can change the focus of conservation policy from protecting quantities of breeding ponds to maintaining their quality. Materials and methods Study Organism This section provides a brief description of the biology and life history of Lithobates aerolatus (see Vanessa for a thorough review). Crawfish frogs are known to be solitary and secretive animals inhabiting crayfish burrows for most of the year (Hoffman et. al., 2010; Heemayer et. al. 2012). They have a patchy distribution in the south-central United States (Conant and Collins, 1991) and are listed as state-endangered or rare species in six of 12 states in which it occurs (IUCN REDLISt).Crawfish frogs breed from March to April in ephemeral, temporary, and seasonal wetlands usually in open grasslands but occasionally in woodedShow MoreRelated Sustainable Development Policies Can Reduce Urbanization Problems1300 Words   |  6 Pagescaused by urbanization can be met by sustainable development policies. The structure of this paper will first explain the situation that leads to traffic jams and housing problems. Next, it will elaborate the sustainable development solu tions, implications for the solutions, and evaluations how effective the sustainable development solutions solved the problems. A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% ofRead More%Para 1: Networks Are Being Increasingly Used To Quantify1281 Words   |  6 Pagesnetworks pointed out the difficulties in comparing network structures across taxa, as most of the global network properties are constrained by network size and edge density citep{Faust2006}. Comparative studies of primate social networks have shown an association between neocortex size, which is linked to higher social ability, with network density, connectivity, and global network efficiency citep{Kudo2001, Lehmann2009, Pasquaretta2014}. citet{Lusseau2004} compared the structure of dolphin social networksRead MoreA Term Paper On Energy Storage Systems Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesPropanol and Butanol is gotten from them. The Energy density of each the biofuel varies such that the Energy density of Bioalcohol depends on the type while that of Ethanol, Propanol and Butanol are 30, 34 and 36.6MJ/Kg respectively. †¢ Fat Oil: Biodiesel is gotten from this form of feedstock and it has an Energy density of 37.8MJ/Kg. †¢ Hydro-cracking of Fat and Oil Feedstock: Green-diesel is gotten from this feedstock and has an Energy density of 48.1MJ/Kg. †¢ Slightly (un)modified Feedstock: FatRead MoreThe Development of Heart Failure916 Words   |  4 Pagesof Ca signaling. It is present in sarcolemma and nuclear compartments with research showing specific association with perinuclear ca pools., thereby affecting total cytosolic and nuclear ca cycling. I will also relate this to the pathological implications of IP3 signalling in the cardiac myocyte.Ip3rs and upstream receptors and gene products conc is changed in pathological condions such as hf and other associated e.g. arryhtmias. Ca in excitation contraction coupling Read MoreThe Ethics Of The Bridge1372 Words   |  6 Pagestransported to a refinery. The oil is then fractionally distilled or catalytically cracked into smaller fragments being ethene (ethylene) and others such as octane. Ethene undergoes additional reactions to produce a polymer known as polyethylene (High density) which is then moulded into the desirable shape. The barrel is then mounded to the bridge for floatation, and since plastic is a non-degradable material the expected lifetime is very long, until the barrel gets penetrated and cannot serve its purposeRead MorePhysical And Mental Health Implications Of Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Programs1018 Words   |  5 Pagesover the world, their effects have been felt for just as long. Since drugs have been used, there were always those who abused them, which led to full-blown addiction and the bevy of side effects that come with it. As the physical and mental health implications of addiction became clearer, rehabilitation efforts began to appear. As a result, the history of rehabilitation in the United States dates back hundreds of years. Today, thousands of drug abuse rehabilitation programs offer addicts a variety ofRead MoreUrban Sprawl And The United States3113 Words   |  13 Pagesand effect of sprawl in the United States, give detailed background information on Fairfax County, future trends and implications of sprawl in Fairfax County, how to combat sprawl in the United States as well as in Fairfax County and key priorities in future research. What is Urban Sprawl? To define sprawl we have to understand the characteristics that make up sprawl. Low density is most commonly defined as that of single family homes on larger lots in areas constituted as suburban, buildings areRead MoreA Short Note On Opioid Addictive Brain Disease1663 Words   |  7 Pagesthe poppy plant. Genetic predisposition is thought to play a role in addictive brain disease producing vulnerability to opioid addiction (Kreek, et al., 2012). The combination of compulsive use of opioids, regardless of consequences, and physical dependence is the clinical description of drug addiction. Heroin use in urban areas has significantly increased between 2002 and 2012. In 2002, there were 214,000 people diagnosed as opioid dependent, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalRead MoreThe Main Principles Of Sustainable Urban Development1697 Words   |  7 Pagescombat the growing problem of lack of space in the country (Wong, 2008). The 1971 Concept Plan conducted by State City Planning (SCP) was never officially released to the public but has noted the need for the high strength, corridor-based and high density cities (Wong, 2008).The compact spatial strategy deemed that any future large scale road projects and construction was unsustainable and not feasible (Pendakur et al., 1989). Under the SCP there were drastic changes in the main urban areas of SingaporeRead MoreSmoking Is Smoking A Lifestyle Or Disease?1503 Words   |  7 Pagesthousands per year to a heavy smoker and several hundred to a casual smoker. Tobacco will often take precedence over long-ter m financial security satisfaction. The health implications of tobacco consumption are massive, and it is reasonable to assume that the majority of tobacco consumers have or had intimate knowledge of the health implications of long-term tobacco consumption. Besides what academic knowledge a smoker can have of tobacco s ill effects, they will be progressively experienced first-hand as